CANDA (Root)
Canda consists of dried root of Angelica archangelica Linn. (Fam. Apiacem), a tall perennial herb with thick hollow stem bearing large bipinnate leaves and umbels of greenish-white flowers; found wild in inner valleys of Himalayas viz. Kashmir, Chamba, Kullu, Pangi, Lahaul and Kinnaur at altitudes between 3200 and 4200 m.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Laghu Coraka
Assamese : —
Bengali : —
English : —
Gujrati : —
Hindi : Choraka bheda, Dudhachoraa
Kannada : —
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : —
Marathi : —
Oriya : —
Punjabi : —
Tamil : —
Telugu : —
Urdu : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Tap root thick, twisted, fleshy, highly aromatic with numerous rootlets, greyish in colour; odour, musk-like; taste, sweet.
b) Microscopic
T.S. shows periderm composed of 5 to 9 layers of cork, followed by a layer of phellogen and a few layers of phelloderm, cork cells rectangular; cortex composed of thin walled parenchymatous cells, irregular in shape with intercellular spaces and contain abundant starch grains; numerous oleo-resin cells filled with oil globules are present, which, in mature roots may degenerate and form irregular cavities; vascular region and cortex traversed by biseriate medullary rays, containing circular starch grains, measuring usually upto 24 n but some upto 65 n in length and 45 n in breadth; phloem a wide zone composed of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and medullary rays; schizogenous oleo-resin cells lined by epithelium containing yellowish brown substances present in this zone; cambium very distinct consisting of 4 to 8 layers; xylem consists of vessels and tracheids.
Powder – Creamish yellow; shows under microscope drum shaped vessels with reticulate thickenings, tracheids elongated with pointed ends having reticulate thickenings; fibres narrow elongated with pointed ends; circular starch grains present.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2.0 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 7 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1.2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 10 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 12 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
Volatile oil Not less than 0.3 per cent, Appendix 2.2.10
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of the methanolic extract of the roots on precoated silica gel ‘G’ plates, using methanol : chloroform (2:98) as the mobile phase, on spraying with 2% vanillin in sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for five minutes at 110oC showed on orange brown spot at Rf.0.37 (comparable to the spot of selimone) and a greyish blue spot at Rf. 0.68 (comparable to the spot of archangelin).
CONSTITUENTS – Containing limonene, S-phellandrene, pinene, p-cymene, terpinolene, myrcene, fenchone, linalool, S-terpineol, cadinene, borneol, S-caryophyllene, bisabolol, angelica lactone, and other mono and sesquiterpenes. Other constituents include selimone, archangelin, oxypeucedanin.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Katu
Guna : Laghu, Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kaphahara, Mutrala, Vatahara, Visaghna, Svasahara, Varnaprasadaka, Svedaghna, Kandughna, Daurgandhahara
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Manjisthadi Taila
THERAPEUTIC USES – Apasmara, Svasa, Hikka, Kandu, Arsa, Pidaka, Kotha, Sotha
DOSE – 1-3 g.
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